Jacques Offenbach




 
Offenbach in the 1860s

Jacques Offenbach (born Jacob Offenbach; 20 June 1819 – 5 October 1880) was a German-born French composer and cellist of the Romantic era and one of the originators of the operetta form. Of German-Jewish ancestry, he was one of the most influential composers of popular music in Europe in the 19th century, and many of his works remain in the repertory.

Offenbach's numerous operettas, such as Orpheus in the Underworld, and La belle Hélène, were extremely popular in both France and the English-speaking world during the 1850s and 1860s. They combined political and cultural satire with witty grand opera parodies. His popularity in France went down during the 1870s after the Second Empire, and he fled France, but during the last years of his life, his popularity rebounded, and several of his operettas are still performed. While his name remains associated most closely with the French operetta and the Second Empire, it is Offenbach's one fully operatic masterpiece, The Tales of Hoffmann (Les Contes d'Hoffmann), composed at the end of his career, that has become the most familiar of Offenbach's works in major opera houses.

Contents

Biography

The young Offenbach playing the cello; circa 1840

Offenbach's father, born Isaac Eberst (though this is unconfirmed) in Offenbach am Main around 1780, took the name Offenbach due to the Napoleonic edict of 1807 when he was already in Deutz where he moved in 1802. He was a man of many talents who worked as a bookbinder, translator, publisher, music teacher and composer and became a cantor some 30 years later, and himself wrote several works, including a well known Haggadah (Passover home service). In 1816 the family moved to Cologne, where his son Jacob (changed to Jacques when he arrived to study in Paris) was born in 1819.

Early career

In 1833 his father took Jacob to Paris and managed to get him admitted as a cello student to the Paris Conservatoire. Financial difficulties forced Jacques, as he was known by then, to break off his studies at the end of 1834. After a few odd jobs he eventually found a position as a cellist in the orchestra of the Opéra-Comique. He soon made a name for himself as a cello virtuoso, appearing with famous pianists like the young Anton Rubinstein, Franz Liszt, Felix Mendelssohn, and, very often, with Friedrich von Flotow, with whom he performed jointly composed pieces. In 1844, he married Hérminie D'Alcain, the daughter of the Spanish Ambassador, and allegedly converted to Catholicism,1 though no parish records exist to confirm this. He moved to Germany with his wife and daughter in 1848 to escape revolutionary violence in France, but returned after a brief stay.

In 1850, he became conductor of the Théâtre Français, but the musical theatre establishment in Paris did not immediately accept his sometimes pointed songs and music. Therefore, in 1855, he rented for the Expo season a little theatre on the Champs-Élysées and named it the Bouffes Parisiens . In the following winter he moved the Bouffes to a larger and, above all, heatable theatre on rue Monsigny/Passage Choiseul (still in the family's hands). There he began a successful career devoted largely to composing operettas. In the early years, Offenbach's permit limited his productions to one-act works with only a few speaking or singing characters. Les deux aveugles, Ba-ta-clan (both premiering in 1855), and La bonne d'enfant were three of his popular works from this period. Only in 1858, after these restrictions had been lifted, did it become possible for him to produce his first full-length work, Orpheus in the Underworld.

Offenbach wrote almost 100 operettas, some of which were wildly popular in his time, and his most popular works are still performed regularly today. The best of these works combined hilarious political and cultural satire with witty grand opera parodies. His best-known operettas in the English-speaking world are Orpheus in the Underworld (1858), La belle Hélène (1864), La vie parisienne (1866), The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein (1867), and La Périchole (1868). Les brigands (1869) was very popular in the English-speaking world initially but was later forgotten.

Offenbach worked with the librettists Meilhac and Halévy more often than any other librettist or team and produced some of his most successful works with them. He said of his relationship with the team: Je suis sans doute le Père, chacun des deux autres est à la fois mon Fils et Plein d'Esprit (literally "No doubt I am the Father; each of the two others is at once my Son and Full of Verve"— esprit meaning both [Holy] Spirit and wit and Plein d'Esprit rhyming with Saint Esprit).

Later years

Offenbach's grave at Cimetière de Montmartre, Paris

Offenbach was much attached to his adopted country, and many of his works are very patriotic in nature. But when war broke out between France and Germany in 1870, ending the Second Empire, he was criticized by the French press as an immigrant agent of Bismarck and was forced to flee. Reviled by the German press as a traitor to his native Germany, he brought his family to safety in Spain and then toured in Italy and Austria. When he returned to Paris in June 1871 after the war, his operettas were out of favor with the public. Bonapartists thought that, by "turning royalty into a farce and the army into a joke", Offenbach's parodies had undermined Napoleon III's France and were therefore the cause, or at least one of the causes, of the defeat. Ironically, liberals blamed Offenbach for his perceived loyalty to the deposed emperor, and he had trouble with the police. During 1875 Offenbach was forced into bankruptcy. During 1876, though, a very successful tour of the United States at the occasion of the U.S. Centennial Exhibition enabled him to recover part of his losses. While there, he conducted two of his operettas, La vie parisienne and La jolie parfumeuse, and also gave as many as 40 concerts in New York and Philadelphia.

Offenbach enjoyed renewed popularity with Madame Favart (1878), which featured a fantasy plot about the real-life French actress Marie Justine Favart, and La fille du tambour-major, a musically inventive piece. Most experts are of the opinion that his last work, The Tales of Hoffmann, was his only grand opera. It is more serious and more ambitious in its musical scope than his other works, perhaps reflecting the wish of the humourist to be taken seriously. The opera was still unfinished at his death in 1880, but was completed by his friend Ernest Guiraud and premiered in 1881.

In 1938, Manuel Rosenthal (1904–2003) assembled the popular ballet Gaîté Parisienne from his own orchestral arrangements of melodies from Offenbach's operettas and the "barcarolle" from The Tales of Hoffman.

Offenbach died in Paris in 1880 at the age of 61 and is buried in the Montmartre Cemetery, Paris.

Works

Operettas

See List of operettas by Offenbach (99 works).

Other stage works

Gaîté Parisienne (1938) — a ballet score using Offenbach melodies
Offenbachiana (1953) - a 'symphonic suite on themes of Jacques Offenbach'
La belle Hélène (1955, with Louis Aubert) - 'ballet-bouffe'

Vocal

Songs, from 1838 to 1873, including

Cello

Piano

Critical reception of Offenbach's work

Elegy to Offenbach in the illustrated magazine Punch.

Friedrich Nietzsche said about Offenbach: "If by artistic genius we understand the most consummate freedom within the law, divine ease and facility in overcoming the greatest difficulties, then Offenbach has even more right to the title 'genius' than Wagner has. Wagner is heavy and clumsy, nothing is more foreign to him than the moments of wanton perfection which this clown Offenbach achieves as many as five times, six times, in nearly every one of his buffooneries."2

Émile Zola commented on Offenbach and his work in a novel (Nana)3 and an essay (La féerie et l'opérette IV/V)4. While granting that Offenbach's main operettas are full of grace, charm and wit, Zola blames Offenbach for what others have made out of the genre, and what they are yet to make out of it. The operetta as a genre is, in Zola's eyes, a "public enemy", a "monstrous beast" that should have been "strangled" at birth; an echo of the Leipziger Allgemeine Zeitung, which had written in 1870 that Offenbach's operetta was precisely what Germany was fighting against. Zola makes two further points. One is that, as chapter I of Nana suggests, everything in and around the operetta performed in it (a take-off of Orpheus in the Underworld) is authentic. The theatre (bordel, as the director calls it), the actors, the audience and the operetta itself are authentically Second Empire. The second point concerns the nature of Offenbach's satire. Following Siegfried Kracauer's lead, most experts see Offenbach's works as sort of a social protest, an attack against the establishment.5 Zola asserts, however, that, even at its most scathing, the criticism offered in Offenbach's works was an homage to a "system" that not only tolerated satire at its own expense, but couldn't get enough of it.

It is generally agreed that at some point in his career someone christened Offenbach "the Mozart of the Champs-Élysées," but this is where the agreement ends. While some of the sources attribute the saying to Richard Wagner, others assert that Gioachino Rossini said it. It is also a matter of dispute whether it was meant as praise or criticism. Jean-Bernard Piat's advice is not to use the expression at all.6

References

  1. ^ Kaufmann, Jacobo (1998). Isaac Offenbach und sein Sohn Jacques, oder, "Es ist nicht alle Tage Purim". M. Niemeyer. pp. 226. ISBN 3484651210, 9783484651210. http://books.google.com/books?id=iIifAAAAMAAJ&q=ISAAC+OFFENBACH+UND+SEIN+SOHN+JACQUES&dq=ISAAC+OFFENBACH+UND+SEIN+SOHN+JACQUES&cd=1. 
  2. ^ Ardoin, John: The Tales of Offenbach (online)
  3. ^ Zola, Émile: Nana, translated with an introduction by George Holden, Penguin Classics, London 1972
  4. ^ Zola, Émile: La féerie et l'opérette IV/V in Le naturalisme au théâtre, 1881, (online)
  5. ^ Kracauer, Siegfried. Jacques Offenbach and the Paris of his Time, tr. Gwenda David and Eric Mosbacher. New York: Zone Books, 2002 (o.G: 1937)
  6. ^ Piat, Jean-Bernard. Guide du mélomane averti, Le Livre de Poche 8026. Paris 1992

Sources

External links

Free sheet music

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MAGICMASTER
Cafe Del Mar Complete Discography
05 Barcarolle (from Jacques Offenbach's Les Contes d'Hoffmann) 06 Cantilena 07 Sviraj (Lullabye) (Croatian traditional) 08 Interlude 09 Pavane (Gabriel Fauré's Pavane) 10 Ave Maria (Giulio Caccini's Ave Maria) ...
karen76
VA - Classical Top 100 (1996) FLAC » Ucuknet.OrG - Download İndir ...
Jacques Offenbach / Can Can 03:17 11. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky / Miniature Overture, from Nutcracker Ballet Suite 03:39 12. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky / March, from Nutcracker Ballet Suite 02:26 13. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky / Dance of The ...
hapause
Highlights of the Vienna Symphonic Orchestra Volume 2 / Werner ...
Jacques Offenbach, the inventor of the operetta, died in 1880; the same year in which the last maestro in the field of (so-called) light entertainment was born: Robert Stolz. 100 years later, the Vienna Symphony Orchestra, conducted by ...
unknown
Jacques Offenbach – Orpheus In The Underworld – Free listening at ...
via last.fm. Otherwise known as the cancan. Permalink | Leave a comment »
Rosie Pegueros
Opera Lovers of Rhode Island: Week of September 1-9, 2010
A production of Jacques Offenbach's opera "Les Contes d'Hoffmann," about the life, loves and psychological manifestations of the German Romantic author E.T.A. Hoffmann (Joseph Calleja). Antonia/Stella: Anna Netrebko. ...
WANG KUN PENG, KEVIN
MEP Concert Report 2010 » “The Carnival of the Animals & Peter and ...
For example, Tortoises, the 4th movement, makes good use of the well-known “Galop infernal” from Jacques Offenbach's operetta Orpheus in the Underworld, playing the usually breakneck-speed melody at a slow, and trudging pace. ...
Michelle
A Story of Love: Tales of Hoffmann: A Picnic Operetta comes to the ...
Quick Quips of Hoffmann: An Informal Preview and Discussion Illuminating Jacques Offenbach's masterpiece Tales of Hoffmann Wednesday, September 1, 2010 @ 7 pm. Weequah Canoe Club, 1492 East Shore Drive on Lake Phalen, St. Paul ...
unknown
The 1st Aichi Triennale / e-flux
Participating artists and artist for the Aichi Triennale 2010 Produce Opera: Jacques Offenbach's opera "Les Contes D'Hoffmann" Asher Fisch, Conductor / Jun Aguni, Director MEDIA CONTACT NANJO and ASSOCIATES Email: aichi@nanjo.com ...
Pauline
Opera, That Exotic & Irrational Entertainment | Pauline Park
1881 Les Contes d'Hoffmann (Jacques Offenbach) 1881 Simon Boccanegra (Giuseppe Verdi) 1882 Parsifal (Richard Wagner) 1882 The Snow Maiden (Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov) 1882 Iolanthe (Gilbert & Sullivan) 1884 Le Villi (Giacomo Puccini) ...
unknown
Two moons reviews answers questions and tips for Two moons
Orpheus in the Underworld; Voyage to the Moon by Jacques Offenbach, Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, Philharmonia Orchestra,. http://www.amazon.com/s?ie=UTF8&keywords=two+moons&rh=n%3A5174%2Ck%3Atwo+moons&page=1 ...
Erik Apland
Hamlet
Parodying the “Get thee to a nunnery” scene, and using the music of the barcarolle from “The Tales of Hoffman” by Jacques Offenbach, Ginger sings,. Hamlet, dear, your problem is clear,. Avenging thy father's death; ...
unknown
Jacques Offenbach, Champs-Elysee
Brief biography of Jacques Offenbach - his life, operettas and other works. Famous for 'The Tales of Hoffman' (Les contes d'Hoffmann), his only opera and masterpiece.
admin
Jacques Offenbach: Barbe-Bleue
“BERNARD” INSULATED COPPER NOZZLE; Material: Copper; Type: Insulated; Inside Diam: 3/4 in. Product Description “BERNARD” INSULATED COPPER NOZZLE. Material: Copper Type: Insulated Inside Diam: 3/4 in… More >>. Jacques Offenbach: ...
whatever
BOXSET.RU » Blog Archive » The Art of Joan Sutherland (6 CD box ...
Composed by Jacques Offenbach Performed by L'Orchestre de la Suisse Romande with Joan Sutherland, Andre Pepin Conducted by Richard Bonynge. # Cendrillon, opera in 4 acts Ah! que mes sœurs sont heureuses … Rest au foyer, petit grillon ...
The All Results Journals
Jacques Offenbach Easy Piano Sheets
Easy piano sheets of Jacques Offenbach in our website:J. Offenbach: Can Can.
mihaelac
evenimente artclue » Aichi Triennale 2010
Participating artists and artist for the Aichi Triennale 2010 Produce Opera: Jacques Offenbach's opera "Les Contes D'Hoffmann" Asher Fisch, Conductor / Jun Aguni, Director. MEDIA CONTACT NANJO and ASSOCIATES Email: aichi@nanjo.com ...
Curt Whitacre (mailto:curt.whitacre@uc.edu)
CCM Announces 2010-11 Studio Series of Opera, Musical Theatre and ...
Music by Jacques Offenbach French libretto by Henri Chivot and Alfred Duru Jennifer Williams, director. Set on the Island of Tulipatan, Théodorine has raised her son as a girl named Hermosa to rescue him from military conscription, ...
sdyaso
Jacques Offenbach: Bluebeard
Product Description “Bernard” insulated copper NOZZLEMateriale: RameTipo: InsulatedDiametro Internal: 3 / 4 inch. . More>>. Jacques Offenbach: Bluebeard. Related posts: Jacques Offenbach: Barbe-Bleue; Monster S100-I-6 Standard 100 ...
Dave
BERLIOZ: VIBRATIONS OF THE UNEXPLORED DEPTHS | Madame Pickwick Art ...
The sensibility of the Second Empire inclined to the buffoonery of Jacques Offenbach's Belle Hélène and Orphée aux enfers; it preferred Italian bel canto opera and Gounod, but Berlioz it could not understand.” ( Bertonneau ) ...
Eli Newberger
The Boston Musical Intelligencer » Latin Lilt to Rowe's Flights of ...
Jacques Offenbach loomed as his inspiration, but the formulaic harmonies and absence both of intelligent melodic development and Latin sensibility made one wish that he had stuck with his day gig. It was perhaps just as well that at ...
S!A!O
VA - 150 favorite tunes (6 CD) - 2006 [MP3 | 320 kbps]
23 Jacques Offenbach - Barcarolle from the opera "The Tales of Hoffmann" 24 George Frideric Handel - "Hallelujah" (the chorus from the oratorio "Messiah") Performed by: London Symphony Orchestra (11) London Philharmonic Orchestra (1-4, ...
Asian Cha
Cha: An Asian Literary Journal: Meet Helle Annette Slutz
Three Women in One - KM joined me last night for Jacques Offenbach's *Les Contes D'Hoffman*, and both of us enjoyed the tales of Hoffman very much. The poet compared Stella, th... 21 hours ago ...
gary@operatoday.com
Opera Today : Hoffmann Takes A Hit In Santa Fe
Hoffmann Takes A Hit In Santa Fe. Despite its length and pretentions to being serious opera, Jacques Offenbach's The Tales of Hoffmann, dating from the 1880s, remains a leaky vessel adrift on a sea of self-fulfilling prophesies of doom. ...
reegim
“The Tales of Hoffmann” Barcarolle in English – Jacques Offenbach
This is an excerpt from “The Tales of Hoffman” by Jacques Offenbach and performed by the Peninsula Teen Opera. Nicklaus – Ashby Cogan Giulietta – Anna Becker. Friends Link : Silver Microsoftprojectcourses.Buvadone. ...
the horn
Jacques Offenbach's Fanciful Opera "The Tales Of Hoffmann " - The Horn
This week , the Metropolitan Opera is presenting its new production of the strange and phantasmagorical opera " Les Contes D'Hoffmann " , or the Tales of Hoffmann , by Jacques offenbach (1819 -1880 ) . Offenbach was a German-born Jewish ...
unknown
Free Wedding Songs, Download Wedding Music - EZ-Tracks-jasonesw的 ...
jasonesw的博客主页w14wendya 中金博客Free Wedding Songs, Download Wedding Music - EZ-Tracks Free Wedding Songs! 1.Jacques Offenbach 2.Joseph Haydn 3.Johann Sebastian Bach 4.Antonin Dvorak 5.Richard Wagner 6.Hector Berlioz 7.
Russell McNeil
Logos (est. 1995): Jacques Offenbach (1819-1880)
Jacques Offenbach (1819-1880) · After a successful early career as a virtuoso cellist, he spent most of his time working in theatres such as the Theatre Francais and Bouffes Parisiens. In 1855 he opened his own theatre, ...
funbox
All You Like » The Most Relaxing Classical Album In The World ...
Composed by Jacques Offenbach with Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Jeannine Collard Conducted by Andre Cluytens. 8. Double Mandolin Concerto, for 2 mandolins, strings & continuo in G major, RV 532 Andante Composed by Antonio Vivaldi ...
puk
Jacques Offenbach: Barbe-Bleue
Feature. “BERNARD” INSULATED COPPER NOZZLE; Material: Copper; Type: Insulated; Inside Diam: 3/4 in. Jacques Offenbach: Barbe-Bleue Available at. *** Product Information Stored: Mar 18, 2010 14:30:13. See Also : Pur Sony Camera American ...
Pianist
Free Piano Collection for Beginners
... by Robert Schumann Barcarolle (Tales of Hoffman) – by Jacques Offenbach Spinning Song – by Albert Ellmenreich Moment Musical – by Franz Schubert Gavotte – by Johann S. Bach Prelude – Op.28, n.7 – by Frdric Chopin Prelude – Op.28, ...
Tyrone J. Buck
Classical Music Can-Can
Classical music is a popular classic of the great composer Jacques Offenbach. The Can-Can (not specifically separately, as in the original French: cancan) is today regarded primarily as a physically demanding music hall dance, ...
achad
Piano Duet- Can-Can by Jacques Offenbach
This is me really playing both parts separately on piano by use of the playback feature on the keyboard. Hope you enjoy! Possibly Related Posts: The wind piano, aka Melodica story! How to Play Piano: Lesson #24 The battle of the boards ...
Elif
The film issue
In Paris in 1938, the Frankfurt School critic Siegfried Kracauer wrote a twenty-two–page treatment for a biopic of Jacques Offenbach. The script was based on Kracauer's sociohistorical biography of the comic operettist, ...
PS
Tricrepicephalus: Post scriptum: caveat lector!
Jacques Offenbach: Les Contes d'Hoffmann; Georg Friedrich Händel: Ezio; Jacopo Peri: Euridice; James Follett: Mindwarp; The Spoken Word - Aldous Huxley; Minette Walters: The Dark Room; Marielle Eklund-Vasama: Lear; Kjell Lindblad: ...
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